Correlations & Causal Relationships (AQA A-Level Biology): Quizzes

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Correlations & Causal Relationships
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What does correlation describe?

Association between variables

For causation to exist, what must be true about time sequence?

Cause must precede effect

What does consistency refer to when distinguishing correlation from causation?

Relationship appears across studies

What strengthens evidence for causation according to the mechanism feature?

Identifying biological processes

What in cigarette smoke provides evidence for causation of lung cancer?

Carcinogens that mutate DNA

How does air pollution cause asthma according to the evidence?

Particulate matter triggers inflammation

Why does physical activity cause improved lung function?

Strengthens respiratory muscles

What is the purpose of longitudinal studies?

Follow individuals over time

What are spurious correlations?

Variables related by third factor

What does the intervention feature test for causation?

Removing cause reduces effect

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