Specific Skills (AQA A-Level Geography): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
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Purpose of chi-square test
Purpose of chi-square test
Compare observed vs expected data for significance
Symbol for chi-square
Symbol for chi-square
χ²
Definition of observed data (O)
Definition of observed data (O)
Actual measurements collected during fieldwork
Definition of expected data (E)
Definition of expected data (E)
Theoretical values predicted by theory
What null hypothesis assumes
What null hypothesis assumes
No significant difference; pattern due to chance
Chi-square formula
Chi-square formula
χ² = Σ(O-E)²/E
Degrees of freedom formula
Degrees of freedom formula
(n-1) where n = number of categories
0.05 significance level confidence
0.05 significance level confidence
95% confident pattern is real, 5% chance
When to reject null hypothesis
When to reject null hypothesis
If calculated χ² ≥ critical value
Minimum observations per category
Minimum observations per category
5 observations