Liberalism (AQA A-Level Politics): Flashcards

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Origins, Beliefs, and Strands
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Enlightenment

Intellectual movement favoring reason over faith/superstition

Negative freedom

Absence of constraint; freedom from interference

Positive freedom

Freedom to achieve one's potential and flourish

Harm principle (Mill)

State can only intervene to prevent harm to others

Social contract (Locke)

Agreement: individuals obey laws, state improves their lives

Egotistical individualism

Humans naturally self-seeking, rational, and independent

Welfare state

State provision of education, health, housing, social security

Equality of opportunity

All individuals have equal life chances

Veil of ignorance (Rawls)

Designing society without knowing your place in it

Distributive justice (Rawls)

Inequalities justified only if they benefit least well-off

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