Explanations for Nicotine Addiction (AQA A-Level Psychology): Flashcards
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What is learning theory based on?
What is learning theory based on?
Classical & operant conditioning principles
Positive reinforcement in smoking
Positive reinforcement in smoking
Rewarding effects increase likelihood of repeating behaviour
Negative reinforcement in smoking
Negative reinforcement in smoking
Smoking removes/prevents unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
Primary reinforcer in smoking
Primary reinforcer in smoking
Nicotine's intrinsically rewarding effects on dopamine system
Examples of secondary reinforcers
Examples of secondary reinforcers
Pubs, lighters, cigarette packets, tobacco smell
Cue reactivity definition
Cue reactivity definition
Secondary reinforcers become powerful triggers like nicotine
Levin et al. (2010) rat study finding
Levin et al. (2010) rat study finding
Rats chose nicotine water spout significantly more often
Carter & Tiffany (1999) meta-analysis result
Carter & Tiffany (1999) meta-analysis result
Dependent smokers reacted strongly to smoking-related cues
Aversion therapy for smoking
Aversion therapy for smoking
Associates smoking with aversive stimuli like electric shocks
Smith (1988) abstinence rate after 1 year
Smith (1988) abstinence rate after 1 year
52% remained abstinent from smoking