Ethological & Evolutionary Explanations (AQA A-Level Psychology): Flashcards

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Ethological Explanation of Aggression
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Ethology

Scientific study of animal behaviour in natural environments

Founder of ethology (1966)

Konrad Lorenz

IRM (Innate Releasing Mechanism)

Biological structure activated by stimulus that triggers FAP

FAP (Fixed Action Pattern)

Stereotyped pre-programmed behaviours triggered by IRM

Adaptive functions of aggression

Territorial dispersal & dominance hierarchies

Ritualistic aggression

Signalling behaviours (displays, teeth baring) limiting harm

Tinbergen (1951) key finding

Red spot triggered stickleback aggression regardless of shape

MAOA gene & aggression (Brunner 1993)

Low-activity variant correlates with aggressive behaviour

Nisbett's culture of honour

Learned social norms governing responses to perceived threats

Goodall's chimp observation challenge

Four-year war showed lethal violence despite appeasement signals

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