Meta-Ethics: Right and Wrong (AQA A-Level Religious Studies): Flashcards

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Naturalism
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Ethical naturalism definition

Morality defined by facts about nature or human nature

Cognitivist theories hold that

Ethical values are factual and can be known objectively

Bentham's 'sovereign masters'

Pain and pleasure govern what we ought & shall do

Intrinsic good meaning

Value 'in itself' that is self-evident

Naturalistic fallacy

Defining 'good' in terms of natural properties like 'pleasant'

Is-ought problem

Cannot derive an 'ought' from an 'is' - values from facts alone

Mill's higher vs lower pleasures

Cultural/intellectual pleasures preferred over physical ones

Consequentialist ethics

Moral value determined by anticipated results of an action

Moore's Open Question argument

'But is it good?' always remains a meaningful, open question

Emotivism

Moral statements merely express approval or disapproval

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