Sociological Research (AQA A-Level Sociology): Flashcards

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Methods of Research
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Quantitative data definition

Numerical info that can be measured & statistically analysed

Qualitative data definition

Words, descriptions & detailed accounts of human experiences

What positivists believe

Human behaviour influenced by observable external factors & can be studied scientifically

Social facts definition

Measurable aspects of social life that exist independently of individuals

Primary data definition

Data gathered directly by researchers

Secondary data definition

Existing info like official statistics or crime rates

What interpretivists argue

Behaviour can't be understood through external observation alone - must explore meanings & motives

Structured interview method type

Quantitative method with predetermined questions

Participant observation method

Researcher immerses themselves in the group being studied

Methodological pluralism meaning

Combining both quantitative & qualitative research methods

Observer effect definition

Close contact with participants may alter their behaviour

Going native definition

Researcher becomes too emotionally involved, biasing findings

Durkheim's 1897 suicide study focus

Social factors, not individual psychology, explain suicide rates

Quantitative research key strength

High reliability due to standardised procedures

Qualitative research key strength

Higher validity - captures true complexity of behaviour

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