Responses and Solutions to Poverty (AQA A-Level Sociology): Flashcards
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Dependency-based explanations - what do they attribute poverty to?
Dependency-based explanations - what do they attribute poverty to?
Behaviour & attitudes of poor people themselves
Who developed 'culture of poverty' theory in 1950s-60s?
Who developed 'culture of poverty' theory in 1950s-60s?
Oscar Lewis
5 characteristics of culture of poverty (Lewis)
5 characteristics of culture of poverty (Lewis)
Marginality, helplessness, dependency, present-time orientation, fatalism
Who developed underclass theory in 1989?
Who developed underclass theory in 1989?
Charles Murray
4 underclass characteristics according to Murray
4 underclass characteristics according to Murray
Welfare dependency, work-shy attitudes, promiscuity, criminal violence
Means-tested benefits - definition
Means-tested benefits - definition
Welfare targeted only at those who can demonstrate genuine need
Universal benefits - definition
Universal benefits - definition
Benefits available to all citizens regardless of finances
New Right view: how does high taxation create poverty?
New Right view: how does high taxation create poverty?
Reduces work incentives & discourages entrepreneurship
Dependency culture - New Right argument
Dependency culture - New Right argument
Generous welfare reduces incentive for personal responsibility
Main critique of dependency-based explanations
Main critique of dependency-based explanations
Victim-blaming; ignores structural factors causing inequality
Poverty trap - what is it?
Poverty trap - what is it?
People become worse off by working due to loss of benefits
Steve Craine's concept - alternative to underclass
Steve Craine's concept - alternative to underclass
Black magic roundabout
Ken Roberts (2001) critique of Murray's theory
Ken Roberts (2001) critique of Murray's theory
Grossly exaggerated; no genuine homogeneous underclass culture
Shane Blackman finding on homeless people's aspirations
Shane Blackman finding on homeless people's aspirations
Shared similar life aspirations to rest of society
Feminist view on single mothers' child-rearing
Feminist view on single mothers' child-rearing
Demonstrate considerable success despite structural disadvantages