Case Studies (OCR A-Level Psychology): Revision Notes
7.1.6 Case Studies
A case study is a research method that involves a detailed, in-depth analysis of an individual or group. This method produces qualitative data, often collected through interviews and observations.
Case studies typically take place over a long period, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of the subject. They can offer rich, in-depth insights into complex issues, making them particularly useful when it is unethical or impractical to manipulate a situation for research purposes.
Evaluation
1
Point: Case studies provide detailed and in-depth information.
Evidence: For example, in psychology, case studies like the famous case of Phineas Gauge, who survived a severe brain injury, offer rich details about his behaviour and changes in personality.
Explanation: This level of detail allows researchers to gain a deep understanding of specific cases, uncovering insights that might not be visible in larger studies. Case studies can reveal complex interactions between different factors, making them valuable for exploring unique situations in depth.
2
Point: Case studies may not be generalisable to the wider population.
Evidence: The findings from a case study on one individual, like Phineas Gauge, might not apply to others, as his situation was unique and might not represent how others would react to similar circumstances.
Explanation: Because case studies focus on a single or a small number of cases, the results might not be applicable to everyone. This limits the ability to draw broad conclusions from the findings, meaning that what's true for one person might not be true for others.
3
Point: Case studies can be affected by the researcher's subjective interpretation and inaccurate recall.
Evidence: For example, when a researcher selects which details to include or focuses on certain aspects of a case, their personal biases may influence the findings. Additionally, if the information relies on the participant's memory, it may be inaccurate or incomplete.
Explanation: This subjectivity and potential inaccuracy can lower the validity of the case study because the findings might not fully or accurately represent the situation. The conclusions drawn could be biassed or based on incorrect information, making the results less reliable.