Naturalism (OCR A-Level Religious Studies): Flashcards
Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
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Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
Meta-ethics vs normative ethics
Meta-ethics vs normative ethics
Linguistic value of moral statements, not constructing systems of action
Absolutism definition
Absolutism definition
Morals are fixed, unchanging truths everyone should follow
Relativism definition
Relativism definition
Moral truths not fixed; change by individual/situation/culture
Cognitive statement
Cognitive statement
Statement that can be either true or false
Non-cognitive statement
Non-cognitive statement
Not about facts; cannot be known as true or false
Naturalism: What does 'good' describe?
Naturalism: What does 'good' describe?
A natural quality observable in world, existing independently
Ethical naturalists view on moral facts
Ethical naturalists view on moral facts
Moral good/evil are objective absolute facts, fixed
Hedonic/utilitarian naturalism: what is 'good'?
Hedonic/utilitarian naturalism: what is 'good'?
What creates happiness
Theological naturalism (Aquinas)
Theological naturalism (Aquinas)
Absolute objective moral facts exist, observable in society
Hume's Law
Hume's Law
Cannot go from an 'is' to an 'ought'
Hume: source of 'wrongness'
Hume: source of 'wrongness'
From our sentiment, not from our observations
Searle on moral language & obligation
Searle on moral language & obligation
Moral language includes obligation; 'ought' implied in language itself
G.E. Moore's naturalistic fallacy
G.E. Moore's naturalistic fallacy
Error of assuming 'good' is same as other natural quality
Open question definition (Moore)
Open question definition (Moore)
Question where answer cannot be derived from question itself
Philippa Foot's rebuttal
Philippa Foot's rebuttal
Absolute moral facts exist (e.g., virtues); observable in people's actions
