Genetic terms (AQA GCSE Biology Combined Science): Flashcards
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Gametes
Gametes
Sex cells formed by meiosis that carry genetic information
Fertilisation
Fertilisation
When gametes join together (sperm + egg or pollen + egg)
Genes
Genes
Sections of DNA on chromosomes that code for specific proteins
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Structures in nucleus containing genetic material; body cells have 2 copies of each
Alleles
Alleles
Different versions of the same gene
Genotype
Genotype
The actual alleles an organism has (e.g. BB, Bb, bb)
Phenotype
Phenotype
Observable physical characteristics resulting from the genotype
Homozygous
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles (e.g. BB or bb)
Heterozygous
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles (e.g. Bb)
Dominant vs recessive alleles
Dominant vs recessive alleles
Dominant (capital): always expressed; Recessive (lowercase): needs 2 copies