The factor theorem (AQA GCSE Further Maths): Flashcards

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The factor theorem
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Factor theorem connects

Factors of a polynomial and its roots

If (xa)(x - a) is a factor of f(x)f(x), then

f(a)=0f(a) = 0

If f(a)=0f(a) = 0, then factor is

(xa)(x - a)

Define polynomial

Algebraic expression with terms of different powers of a variable

Degree of a polynomial

Determined by its highest power

Which values to test first for integer roots

Factors of constant term (positive & negative)

Tool to use after finding one factor

Polynomial long division

Extended theorem: If f(b/a)=0f(b/a) = 0, then factor is

(axb)(ax - b)

To show (xa)(x - a) is a factor

Substitute x=ax = a and show result equals zero

Common mistake when finding factors

Forgetting to test negative values

When f(a)=0f(a) = 0, you've found

Both a root and a linear factor

For polynomial with leading coefficient 1\neq 1, test

Fractional values using extended form

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