c1250–c1500: Medieval warfare and English society (Edexcel GCSE History): Flashcards

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New weapons and formations
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Time period of medieval warfare transformation

1250-1500

When longbow introduced to English armies

1290s under Edward I

Longbow firing rate per minute

15 arrows per minute

Longbow speed vs crossbow

5 times faster

Longbow effective range

200 metres

Armour type longbow could penetrate

Chainmail

Scottish pike formation name

Schiltron

Leader who developed schiltron formation

William Wallace

Year of Battle of Stirling Bridge

1297

Origin country of gunpowder

China

When cannon became standard siege weapons

1450

Pivoting supports for aiming cannon

Trunnions

Years longbow used in English forces

150 years

Replacement for feudal armies

Mercenary companies

Longbow range compared to shorter bows

Double the range

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