The Basics of Counting (Junior Cert Mathematics): Flashcards

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The Fundamental Principle of Counting
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What is the Fundamental Principle of Counting?

Multiply the number of choices for each independent event to find total outcomes

How to find total outcomes with multiple choices

Multiply the number of choices together

Formula: event has mm outcomes, another has nn outcomes

Total outcomes = m×nm \times n

Outfits from 3 shirts, 2 trousers, 2 shoes

3×2×2=123 \times 2 \times 2 = 12 different outfits

Meals from 2 starters and 3 main courses

2×3=62 \times 3 = 6 different meal combinations

Day plans: 4 activities, 3 lunches, 2 desserts

4×3×2=244 \times 3 \times 2 = 24 different combinations

Packages: 3 destinations, 2 stays, 3 activities, 2 transports

3×2×3×2=363 \times 2 \times 3 \times 2 = 36 vacation packages

Why is the Fundamental Principle of Counting important

Helps solve problems quickly when counting possible outcomes

Exam tip if counting problem seems tricky

Draw pictures or make a list to see all choices

Before multiplying in counting problems

Check you've included all parts of the question

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