Changes and Bias (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards

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Changes and Bias
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How does scientific knowledge change?

Constantly evolves as new evidence emerges

What pattern does the scientific method follow?

Circular/repetitive, not linear

What is bias?

Unfair, unreasoned, or personal judgement

Bias check: Can it be verified?

Check for valid links/references to trace origin

Bias check: Based on emotions?

Beware emotional headlines designed to grab attention

Bias check: Is author an expert?

Research author's qualifications & field experience

Bias check: Available elsewhere?

Credible findings reported in multiple reputable sources

Bias check: Is source reputable?

Check publication's track record for reliable reporting

Limitation: Prior knowledge

Scientists limited by extent of their current knowledge

Limitation: Experimental design

Requires properly designed & carefully executed experiments

Limitation: Data interpretation

Difficulty interpreting data can lead to errors/bias

How does evolution affect scientific knowledge?

Organisms evolve continuously, requiring knowledge updates

Fleming's penicillin discovery (1928)

Noticed clear patches around fungus on contaminated dish

Thalidomide tragedy (1950s-1961)

Safe in animal tests but caused birth defects in humans

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