The Structure of a Flowering Plant (Leaving Cert Biology): Revision Notes

The Structure of a Flowering Plant

Flowering plants are divided into two main sections:

1. The shoot system
2. The root system

External Structure of a Flowering Plant

• Node: The point on the stem where a side branch grows.
• Internode: The region between two nodes on the stem.
• Petiole: The stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem (not present on all leaves).

Functions of the Shoot System

1. Photosynthesis: Converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy and chlorophyll. Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O →light/chlorophyll→ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

2. Reproduction

3. Storage

4. Support

5. Transport

6. Gas Exchange: Occurs through stomata (on the underside of leaves) and lenticels (on stems).

The Root System

The root system is found below the ground.

Functions of Roots:

1. Anchors the plant in the soil.
2. Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.
3. Stores food (e.g., carrots).