Cadences (Leaving Cert Music): Revision Notes

Cadences

What are Cadences?

Cadences are chord progressions that mark the end of a musical phrase, section, or piece. They provide a sense of closure, continuation, or surprise and are a fundamental part of harmony writing.

Types of Cadences

Perfect Cadence (V-I)

• Description: The most conclusive cadence, often used to end a piece or phrase.
• Effect: Strong, final, and resolved.
• Example in C Major: G (V) → C (I).

Imperfect Cadence (I-V or IV-V)

• Description: An unfinished-sounding cadence that leads into the next phrase.
• Effect: Creates tension, inviting continuation.
• Example in C Major: C (I) → G (V) or F (IV) → G (V).

Plagal Cadence (IV-I)

• Description: Known as the "Amen" cadence, often used in hymns or as a softer conclusion.
• Effect: Gentle and reflective.
• Example in C Major: F (IV) → C (I).

Interrupted Cadence (V-vi)

• Description: A surprising cadence that resolves to a minor chord instead of the expected tonic.
• Effect: Unexpected and dramatic, delaying resolution.
• Example in C Major: G (V) → A minor (vi).

How to Use Cadences in Harmony Writing

Choose Appropriate Cadences:

• Use perfect cadences to end a piece or major section.
• Use imperfect cadences within a melody to create tension and forwards motion.

Ensure Correct Voice Leading:

• Resolve the leading tone (7th degree) to the tonic.
• Avoid awkward leaps between chord voices.

Balance the Phrases:

• End the first phrase with an imperfect cadence and the second with a perfect cadence for contrast and resolution.

Cadences in LC Music Exams

• Composing Tasks:
  • Writing cadences is a common exercise (e.g., completing a melodic or harmonic phrase).
  • Ensure cadences align with the given key and are stylistically appropriate.
• Listening Tasks:
  • Be able to identify cadences aurally and describe their function in a piece.