An Overview of the Economy: The Circular Flow of Income (HSC SSCE Economics): Flashcards

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An Overview of the Economy: The Circular Flow of Income
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5 sectors in circular flow model

Individuals, businesses, financial institutions, govt, intl trade

4 factors of production

Labour, land, capital, enterprise

Define leakages

Money withdrawn from income flow, reducing economic activity

3 leakages (STM acronym)

Savings, Taxation, iMports

Define injections

Money added to income flow, increasing economic activity

3 injections (IGX acronym)

Investment, Government expenditure, eXports

Define equilibrium in circular flow

When total leakages equal total injections

Equilibrium formula

S+T+M=I+G+XS + T + M = I + G + X

Effect when leakages exceed injections

Economy contracts: income, production, employment fall

Effect when injections exceed leakages

Economy expands: income, production, employment rise

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