Gender and Identity (AQA A-Level Sociology): Flashcards

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Gender and Identity
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Definition of sex

Biological differences between males and females

Definition of gender

Social & cultural characteristics of masculine/feminine

Patriarchy

Male dominance; common theme in gender relations globally

Marginalisation (gender context)

Women face it when resisting dominant gender models

Gender role socialisation

Learning culturally appropriate masculine/feminine behaviour

Canalisation

Parents channel kids' interests to sex-appropriate activities

Hegemonic masculinity (Connell)

Dominant form of masculinity in contemporary Western societies

De Beauvoir: women are

Made through learning feminine behaviour, not born as women

Gender: nature or nurture? (feminists)

Nurture - how individuals are raised, not biological

Ortner's view on male dominance

Universal; men linked to culture, women to nature

Equal Pay Act 1970

Legislated equal pay for women doing similar work to men

Multiple masculinities (Connell)

Various forms exist & change; hegemonic is dominant form

Gender as social construct means

Can be challenged & changed, not fixed (feminist view)

Young working-class men (Connell)

Exaggerated masculinity, violence, hostility to women/gays

Contemporary women's identity

More employment-focused; less emphasis on domestic roles

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