Key Methods (AQA A-Level Sociology): Flashcards

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Key Methods
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Questionnaires definition

Survey methods where questions are written down for response

Questionnaires main strength

High reliability - consistent results with similar groups

Questionnaires main limitation

Low validity - less truthful, socially desirable answers

Interviews main strength

Excel at uncovering meanings about educational issues

Interviews main limitation

Low reliability - each conversation differs

4 types of observation

Overt, covert, participant, non-participant

Hawthorne effect

People behave differently when they know they're being observed

Case study definition

Detailed research at one particular location e.g. specific school

Triangulation definition

Using multiple methods to build comprehensive understanding

Longitudinal research definition

Research over significant time periods to observe changes

Sample attrition meaning

Participants drop out over time e.g. moving away, losing interest

Secondary data definition

Information collected by others that already exists

Reliability in research

Extent research, if repeated, would achieve consistent results

Validity in research

Extent research accurately reflects real-life situations

Social desirability bias

People respond to appear positive rather than truthful

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