Summary (Edexcel A-Level History): Flashcards

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The Crusades, c1095–1204
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Who proclaimed 1st Crusade at Clermont, 1095

Pope Urban II

Four crusader states in Near East

Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, Jerusalem

Collective name for crusader territories

Outremer (meaning 'overseas')

When Jerusalem captured in 1st Crusade

July 1099

Who founded Knights Templar in 1119

Hugh of Payns

Who captured Edessa from Christians in 1144

Emir Imad ad-Din Zengi

What happened at Battle of Hattin (1187)

Saladin defeated crusaders & captured Jerusalem

Who launched Fourth Crusade in 1198

Pope Innocent III

What did 4th Crusade attack instead of Holy Land

Constantinople

What is plenary indulgence

Complete forgiveness of sins for crusaders

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