Shapes of Molecules and Intermolecular Forces (OCR A-Level Chemistry A): Flashcards

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Hydrogen bonding
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Strongest type of intermolecular force

Hydrogen bond

Elements in FON rule for H-bonding

Fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen

Density of ice at 0°C (g cm⁻³)

0.917 g cm⁻³

Density of liquid water at 0°C (g cm⁻³)

1.029 g cm⁻³

Why ice floats on water

H-bonds create open tetrahedral lattice, making ice less dense

Water's boiling point without H-bonding (°C)

-75°C

How to draw H-bonds in diagrams

Dashed lines, δ+\delta^+/δ\delta^-, lone pairs shown

Hydrides with anomalously high boiling points

\ceH2O\ce{H2O}, \ceHF\ce{HF}, \ceNH3\ce{NH3}

Partial charge on H atom in H-bond

δ+\delta^+ (partially positive)

H-bonds per water molecule in ice

Four

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