Reasons for the crusades, 1095-1204 (OCR A-Level History A): Quizzes

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Religious motives
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Who popularised the concept of 'just war'?

St. Augustine of Hippo

According to just war theory, who held legitimate authority to authorise war?

Popes and secular priests

In which year did Pope Leo IX come into papacy?

1048

Who founded the Cluniac monastic order in 910?

William I, Duke of Aquitaine

What did the Peace of God (Pax Dei) prohibit?

Invading churches & abusing women

How many miles did pilgrims travel to reach the Holy Land?

3000 miles

What was Peter the Hermit's crusade known as?

People's Crusade

Who commissioned Bernard of Clairvaux to preach the Second Crusade in 1144?

Eugenius III

Where was the Second Crusade assembly called by Bernard held?

Vézelay

On what date did Pope Eugenius III issue Quantum praedecessores?

1 December 1145

How many popes did Bernard of Clairvaux serve as adviser to?

Five popes

Which practice did the Cluniac Reform attempt to end?

Simony

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