The Critical Period and Internal Working Model (OCR A-Level Psychology): Flashcards

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The Critical Period and Internal Working Model
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Critical period (Bowlby)

Specific time when babies can form attachment to main caregiver

Social releasers

Innate behaviours babies use to attract caregiver attention

4 examples of social releasers

Following, crying, crawling, smiling

Internal working model

Early attachments as schema for future relationship expectations

Sensitive responsiveness

Caregiver's responsiveness to infant needs; high = quick response

Continuity hypothesis

Attachment styles remain constant from infancy to adulthood

Shaffer & Emerson finding on multiple attachments

87% attached to two or more caregivers

Lorenz experimental group procedure

Eggs hatched in incubator; Lorenz was first thing they saw

Imprinting

Immediate attachment to first thing seen; biologically pre-programmed

3 features of Bowlby Lorenz supported

Biologically pre-programmed, monotropic, critical period

Guiton's counter-evidence to Lorenz

Imprinting in baby chicks was reversible

Limitation of Lorenz study

Goslings & babies at different developmental stages when born

Real-world application of Bowlby's theory

Hospital visiting hours lengthened for parents & children

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