Observational Techniques (OCR A-Level Psychology): Flashcards
📚Flashcards
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15 cards from this deck
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Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
Naturalistic observation
Naturalistic observation
Observation in setting where target behaviour naturally occurs
Controlled observation
Controlled observation
Observation with control over variables and extraneous variables
Covert observation
Covert observation
Participants unaware they're being observed
Overt observation
Overt observation
Participants aware they're being observed and give informed consent
Participant observation
Participant observation
Researcher becomes part of group being studied
Non-participant observation
Non-participant observation
Researcher remains separate and records behaviour objectively
Naturalistic observation strength
Naturalistic observation strength
High external validity - applies to everyday life
Covert observation advantage
Covert observation advantage
Removes participant reactivity, increases validity
Limitation of all observations
Limitation of all observations
Cannot establish cause and effect
Event sampling
Event sampling
Counting number of times a behaviour occurs
Time sampling
Time sampling
Recording behaviour within pre-established timeframe
Type of data from structured observations
Type of data from structured observations
Quantitative (numerical)
Behavioural categories must be
Behavioural categories must be
Clear, observable, measurable, exclusive, not overlap
Minimum researchers for inter-observer reliability
Minimum researchers for inter-observer reliability
At least two researchers
How inter-observer reliability is calculated
How inter-observer reliability is calculated
Correlating each pair of observations made