Observational Design (OCR A-Level Psychology): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
Naturalistic observation definition
Naturalistic observation definition
Observation in setting where target behaviour naturally occurs - all aspects of environment free to vary
Naturalistic observation advantage
Naturalistic observation advantage
High external validity - applies to everyday life
Controlled observation definition
Controlled observation definition
Some control over variables & extraneous variables
Covert observation definition
Covert observation definition
Participants unaware they're observed, done in secret
Covert observation advantage
Covert observation advantage
Removes participant reactivity, increases validity
Overt observation definition
Overt observation definition
Participants aware they're observed & gave informed consent
Participant observation definition
Participant observation definition
Researcher becomes part of group being studied
Non-participant observation definition
Non-participant observation definition
Researcher remains separate from those being studied
General limitation of all observations
General limitation of all observations
Not possible to establish cause and effect
Structured observation data type
Structured observation data type
Numerical (quantitative) data
Unstructured observation data type
Unstructured observation data type
Qualitative data, rich in detail
Behavioural categories must be...
Behavioural categories must be...
Clear, unambiguous, observable, measurable, exclusive & not overlap
When is event sampling useful?
When is event sampling useful?
When target behaviour happens infrequently
Time sampling definition
Time sampling definition
Recording behaviour within pre-established timeframe
Time sampling disadvantage
Time sampling disadvantage
Behaviour sampled may be unrepresentative