Variables and Controls (OCR A-Level Psychology): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
13 cards from this deck
Independent variable (IV)
Independent variable (IV)
Variable changed/manipulated to measure effect on DV
Dependent variable (DV)
Dependent variable (DV)
Variable measured by the researcher
Operationalisation
Operationalisation
Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured
Extraneous variables (EVs)
Extraneous variables (EVs)
Variables other than IV that may influence DV if not controlled
Do extraneous variables vary systematically?
Do extraneous variables vary systematically?
No, they do not vary systematically
Confounding variables
Confounding variables
Variables (other than IV) that affected DV, making true source of changes unclear
Do confounding variables vary systematically with IV?
Do confounding variables vary systematically with IV?
Yes, they vary systematically with the IV
Demand characteristics
Demand characteristics
Cues revealing true purpose that may change participant behaviour
What may demand characteristics lead to?
What may demand characteristics lead to?
Participants changing their behaviour in the research situation
Investigator effects
Investigator effects
Effect of investigator's behaviour on research outcome (DV)
What do investigator effects include?
What do investigator effects include?
Design, selection & interaction with participants
Randomisation
Randomisation
Use of chance to reduce effects of extraneous/confounding variables
Standardisation
Standardisation
Using same formalised procedures & instructions for all