Coastal landscapes (Edexcel GCSE Geography A): Flashcards
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Weathering definition
Weathering definition
Breaks down rocks in situ (in the same place)
3 main coastal physical processes
3 main coastal physical processes
Weathering, mass movement, erosion
Chemical weathering
Chemical weathering
Rocks react with acidic substances
Carbonation process
Carbonation process
Carbonic acid in rain reacts with calcium carbonate in rock
Example of biological weathering organism
Example of biological weathering organism
Piddocks - marine molluscs that bore into rocks
% water expands when freezing in freeze-thaw weathering
% water expands when freezing in freeze-thaw weathering
9%
Mass movement definition
Mass movement definition
Downhill transport of weathered material under gravity
Slip planes
Slip planes
Surfaces of weakness in cliffs/slopes
Slumping movement type
Slumping movement type
Movement along curved slip planes, common on clay coasts
Abrasion (coastal erosion)
Abrasion (coastal erosion)
Waves hurl debris against rocks like natural sandpaper
Hydraulic action
Hydraulic action
Force of water hitting coast & compressed air in cracks forcing rocks apart
Attrition (coastal erosion)
Attrition (coastal erosion)
Rocks collide & break into smaller pieces
Solution (coastal erosion)
Solution (coastal erosion)
Chemical action of seawater dissolving rocks
Why clay coasts vulnerable to slumping
Why clay coasts vulnerable to slumping
Clay retains water easily & becomes unstable when wet
4 wave erosion mechanisms
4 wave erosion mechanisms
Abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition, solution