Ireland from 1916-23 (Junior Cert History): Model Answers
Ireland from 1916-23
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Why did James Connolly set up the Irish Citizen Army in 1913?
James Connolly formed the Irish Citizen Army to protect striking workers during the 1913 Lock-out.
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Reasons why the 1916 Rising was a failure.
The 1916 Rising failed because of confusion in planning, a lack of men and weapons, and the fact that it was mainly confined to Dublin.
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Name one important figure during the Easter Rising (1916).
Pádraig Pearse was one of the key leaders of the 1916 Rising.
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Give two reasons why Sinn Féin won the 1918 general election.
Sinn Féin won due to:
- sympathy for the executed leaders of 1916
- their opposition to conscription
- increasing support for a republic
- the arrest of many Sinn Féin leaders, which boosted their popularity
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Why were there only twenty-seven TDs present at the meeting of the First Dáil on 21st January 1919?
Many Sinn Féin TDs were either in jail or on the run, while Home Rulers and Unionists refused to attend.
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Explain the following terms:
- Flying Columns: IRA groups that carried out guerrilla attacks on British forces.
- Auxiliaries: Former British army officers recruited to fight the IRA.
- The Squad: A group under Michael Collins responsible for assassinating British agents.
- Black and Tans: Former British soldiers sent to Ireland to suppress the IRA.
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What was the Government of Ireland Act (1920)?
The Government of Ireland Act created separate parliaments for Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland, paving the way for partition.
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Reasons for the Civil War in Ireland (1922-23).
The Civil War began because the IRA split over the 1921 Treaty, with Anti-Treaty forces refusing to accept it.
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What was the Munster Republic (1922-23)?
The Munster Republic was an Anti-Treaty stronghold in the south of Ireland during the Civil War, covering areas south of Limerick and Waterford.
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Name the political party founded by Éamon de Valera in 1926.
Fianna Fáil was founded by Éamon de Valera.