The Human Defence System (LC 2026) (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
Definition of an antigen
Definition of an antigen
A surface protein that stimulates antibody production
Definition of an antibody
Definition of an antibody
Protein made by lymphocytes in response to an antigen
When specific defence system activates
When specific defence system activates
When microorganisms get past general defence system
White blood cells in immune organs
White blood cells in immune organs
Lymphocytes and monocytes
Where antigens are found
Where antigens are found
Bacterial walls, viral coats, cancerous/foreign cells
What monocytes do to pathogens
What monocytes do to pathogens
Surround and digest them
What monocytes display after digesting pathogen
What monocytes display after digesting pathogen
The antigens on their outer surface
Antibody-antigen specificity
Antibody-antigen specificity
Each antibody is specific to one antigen
How antibodies prevent entry
How antibodies prevent entry
Stop bacteria/viruses entering cells for phagocyte attack
How antibodies work via clumping
How antibodies work via clumping
Clump antigen cells for easier phagocyte destruction
How antibodies trigger complement system
How antibodies trigger complement system
Activate it to cause pathogen cells to burst
Antibody production time on 2nd exposure
Antibody production time on 2nd exposure
5 days instead of 14 days
Why multiple cold/flu infections possible
Why multiple cold/flu infections possible
Different antigens need different antibodies
What are autoimmune diseases
What are autoimmune diseases
Body produces antibodies against its own tissues
Rheumatoid arthritis target
Rheumatoid arthritis target
Joints, causing inflammation and pain