Scientific Data (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards

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Scientific Data
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Qualitative data

Data describing characteristics/qualities using words, not numbers

Quantitative data

Numerical measurements that can be counted or measured precisely

Which data type is more reliable and objective?

Quantitative data

Scientific integrity

Following rules/values governing scientific research conduct

Repeatability

Same person/team gets similar results with identical methods

Reproducibility

Different people/groups get similar results with different methods

Anomalous results

Data points that don't fit the expected pattern

How to handle anomalous results?

Repeat experiment if possible or acknowledge in analysis

Correlation

Statistical association between two variables

Causation

Changes in one variable directly cause changes in another

Does correlation imply causation?

No - correlation doesn't necessarily mean direct cause-and-effect

Scientific conclusion

Summary of key findings from an investigation

What should effective conclusions include?

Main findings, hypothesis support, limitations, future work

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