Evidence for the Kinetic Theory of Matter (Leaving Cert Chemistry): Flashcards

All matter is tiny particles in constant, random motion

Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (1827)

1827

Random zig-zag movement of particles in fluid

Invisible molecules colliding with larger particles

Shows invisible particles constantly moving and colliding randomly

Particles spread from high to low concentration

Ammonium chloride ($\text{NH}_4\text{Cl}$), white solid

$\text{NH}_3(g) + \text{HCl}(g) \rightarrow \text{NH}_4\text{Cl}(s)$

Closer to HCl end

Ammonia molecules are lighter

Particles move spontaneously without external force

Random, zig-zag

Continuous and never stops