Summary (Grade 10 NSC Matric Mathematics): Flashcards

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Analytical geometry definition

Combines algebra & geometry using coordinates & equations

Distance formula between two points

d=(x1−x2)2+(y1−y2)2d = \sqrt{(x_1 - x_2)^2 + (y_1 - y_2)^2}

Gradient formula

m=y2−y1x2−x1m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}

Standard form of straight line equation

y=mx+cy = mx + c

mm in y=mx+cy = mx + c

Gradient

cc in y=mx+cy = mx + c

y-intercept

Gradient relationship for parallel lines

Equal gradients: m1=m2m_1 = m_2

Gradient relationship for perpendicular lines

m1×m2=−1m_1 \times m_2 = -1 (negative reciprocals)

Midpoint formula

M=(x1+x22;y1+y22)M = \left(\frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}; \frac{y_1 + y_2}{2}\right)

Gradient of a horizontal line

Zero (0)

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