Challenges to arguments from observation (Edexcel A-Level Religious Studies): Quizzes

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Challenges to arguments from observation
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What type of philosopher is Hume described as in relation to arguments for God's existence?

An empiricist

What is the 'Leap of Logic' criticism of the teleological and cosmological arguments?

Arguments jump from designer to God

What does the 'God of the Gaps' criticism suggest about design arguments?

They fill gaps with God without reason

What is the Fallacy of Composition in relation to the cosmological argument?

Parts having causes ≠ whole has cause

How does Russell illustrate the Fallacy of Composition?

Every human has mother ≠ humankind has

What is the Fallacy of the Affirmation of the Consequent about?

Misunderstanding cause & effect relation

What is Hume's criticism about the world not being like a machine?

Universe is organic, not mechanical

What does Hume question about the number of designers in the teleological argument?

Why one God? Watches have many designers

According to Darwin, what gives the appearance of design in the universe?

Fittest survive & pass characteristics

How did geneticist Steve Jones describe the evolutionary process?

'A series of successful mistakes'

What does Richard Dawkins argue gives rise to the illusion of design?

Random mutations in DNA

What does the 'Burden of Proof' criticism state about these arguments?

Whoever claims must prove; they don't

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