Challenges to arguments from observation (Edexcel A-Level Religious Studies): Flashcards
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15 cards from this deck
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Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
Opposite of contingent (Aquinas)
Opposite of contingent (Aquinas)
Necessary - which Aquinas identifies as God
Leap of Logic criticism
Leap of Logic criticism
Arguments jump from 'must be designer' to 'must be God' without reasoning
God of the Gaps criticism
God of the Gaps criticism
Filling gaps with God without reasoning why this should be the case
Burden of Proof principle
Burden of Proof principle
Whoever makes the claim has burden to prove their point
Hume's philosophical position
Hume's philosophical position
Empiricist - only accepts arguments grounded in observable evidence
When Hume wrote vs Paley
When Hume wrote vs Paley
24 years before Paley
Hume: Why one God criticism
Hume: Why one God criticism
Watches have many designers; why does analogy lead to one God?
Hume: 'World is not like a machine'
Hume: 'World is not like a machine'
Universe more organic; if analogy was carrot, changes everything
Fallacy of Composition
Fallacy of Composition
Can't say universe has cause just because things in it do
Russell's mother example
Russell's mother example
Every human has a mother; doesn't mean humankind has a mother
Fallacy of Affirmation of Consequent
Fallacy of Affirmation of Consequent
Misunderstanding cause/effect; seeing correlation not causation
Universe always existed argument
Universe always existed argument
If true, cosmological argument fails; fits Aristotle's PM
Darwin on evolution and design
Darwin on evolution and design
Fittest survive, traits passed down; gives appearance of design
Steve Jones on evolution
Steve Jones on evolution
'Series of successful mistakes' - universe is by chance
Dawkins on design
Dawkins on design
Random DNA mutations create illusion of design