Haemoglobin and the Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide (OCR A-Level Biology A): Flashcards
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Type of protein structure of haemoglobin
Type of protein structure of haemoglobin
Globular protein with quaternary structure
How many O₂ molecules can one haemoglobin bind?
How many O₂ molecules can one haemoglobin bind?
4 oxygen molecules (one per haem group)
What is cooperative binding in haemoglobin?
What is cooperative binding in haemoglobin?
Each O₂ binding makes next O₂ easier to bind
Shape of oxygen dissociation curve
Shape of oxygen dissociation curve
S-shaped (sigmoidal)
What does Bohr effect do to O₂ affinity?
What does Bohr effect do to O₂ affinity?
Increased CO₂ decreases O₂ affinity, shifts curve right
Fetal haemoglobin chains difference from adult
Fetal haemoglobin chains difference from adult
Has 2 gamma (γ) chains instead of 2 beta (β) chains
Main form of CO₂ transport (% as HCO₃⁻)
Main form of CO₂ transport (% as HCO₃⁻)
70-90% as hydrogen carbonate (HCO₃⁻) ions
Enzyme catalysing CO₂ + H₂O reaction in RBCs
Enzyme catalysing CO₂ + H₂O reaction in RBCs
Carbonic anhydrase
What is the chloride shift?
What is the chloride shift?
Cl⁻ into RBC, HCO₃⁻ out of RBC (ion exchange)
What does haemoglobin buffer in RBCs?
What does haemoglobin buffer in RBCs?
H⁺ ions, forming haemoglobinic acid (HHb)