Religious experience (OCR A-Level Religious Studies): Flashcards

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The different ways in which individual religious experiences can be understood
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Swinburne's principle of credulity

Believe things are as they seem unless evidence to contrary

Swinburne's principle of testimony

Believe what people tell us unless good reason not to

Swinburne's cumulative argument

Sheer quantity of testimony points to validity of experiences

Alston: prima facie justified

Beliefs from experience are justified at first sight

Alston's epistemic chauvinism

Unjustified view that only empirical knowledge is genuine

Otto: mysterium tremendum et fascinans

An awe-inspiring fascinating mystery

Otto: numinous

Awe-inspiring holiness that can't be explained otherwise

Schleiermacher: self-authenticating

Religious experiences require no testing to be genuine

Freud: infantile neurosis

Freud's description of religious belief as mental illness

Freud: the id

Selfish, pleasure-seeking element present from birth

Dawkins: simulation software in the brain

Brain creates models from sensory input, can mislead

Starbuck: age range for conversion experiences

15-24 year olds

Persinger's God Helmet success rate

Over 80% of test subjects had induced experiences

Ramachandran's link to religious experiences

Temporal lobe epilepsy linked to religious visions

Marsh Chapel Experiment result

Nearly all who took hallucinogen reported religious experience

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