Reproduction (AQA GCSE Biology): Flashcards
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Gamete
Gamete
Reproductive cell with half the chromosomes (23 in humans)
Number of chromosomes in human gamete
Number of chromosomes in human gamete
23
Chromosome structure
Chromosome structure
DNA coiled around histones in the nucleus
Gene
Gene
DNA segment with instructions for a specific protein
Allele
Allele
Different versions of a gene
Dominant allele expression
Dominant allele expression
Expressed even with only one copy present
Recessive allele expression
Recessive allele expression
Only expressed when two copies are present
Homozygous genotype
Homozygous genotype
Both alleles the same (AA or aa)
Heterozygous genotype
Heterozygous genotype
Two different alleles (Aa)
Genotype
Genotype
Genetic makeup - alleles an organism carries (e.g., AA, Aa, aa)
Phenotype
Phenotype
Observable physical or physiological traits of an organism
Punnett square purpose
Punnett square purpose
Determines probability of offspring inheriting allele combinations
Notation for dominant allele
Notation for dominant allele
Uppercase letter (e.g., A)
Notation for recessive allele
Notation for recessive allele
Lowercase letter (e.g., a)
Bb x Bb cross: % offspring with dominant trait
Bb x Bb cross: % offspring with dominant trait
75%