Genetic Engineering (AQA GCSE Biology): Flashcards
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Genetic engineering definition
Genetic engineering definition
Altering genetic material by adding a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic
Restriction enzymes function
Restriction enzymes function
Cut out desired genes from DNA, creating sticky ends
Sticky ends
Sticky ends
Unpaired bases created when DNA is cut by restriction enzymes
Plasmid
Plasmid
Circular DNA used as a vector in genetic engineering
DNA ligase function
DNA ligase function
Joins sticky ends to insert gene into plasmid or virus
Recombinant plasmid
Recombinant plasmid
Plasmid with inserted gene, introduced into host cell
Meristematic cells in plant GM
Meristematic cells in plant GM
Unspecialised cells that grow into fully modified plants
Bacteria genetic engineering use
Bacteria genetic engineering use
Engineered to produce insulin for diabetes treatment
GM crops insect resistance benefit
GM crops insect resistance benefit
Higher yields and less crop loss
GM crops herbicide tolerance benefit
GM crops herbicide tolerance benefit
Higher yields and less crop loss
Gene therapy definition
Gene therapy definition
Introducing normal genes to correct genetic disorders by producing correct proteins
GE benefit in medicine
GE benefit in medicine
Mass production of hormones like insulin using microorganisms
Nutritional enhancement benefit of GM crops
Nutritional enhancement benefit of GM crops
Crops with added vitamins where nutrients are scarce
Environmental risk of GM crops
Environmental risk of GM crops
Might affect wild plants/insects, reducing biodiversity
Resistance risk of GM crops
Resistance risk of GM crops
Could create super weeds and pests