Variations, Mutations, and Selection (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards
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What is variation?
What is variation?
Differences between members of same species
Two types of variation
Two types of variation
Acquired and inherited
Can acquired variations be inherited?
Can acquired variations be inherited?
No - not genetically controlled, cannot be inherited
Acquired variation example
Acquired variation example
Learning to walk, speak, or ride bicycle
Inherited variation control
Inherited variation control
Genetically controlled; passed from parents to offspring
Inherited variation example
Inherited variation example
Blood groups, eye/hair colour, earlobes
Causes of inherited variation
Causes of inherited variation
Sexual reproduction and mutations
What is a mutation?
What is a mutation?
Spontaneous change in genes or chromosomes
Three mutation effects
Three mutation effects
Harmful, neutral, beneficial
Beneficial mutation frequency
Beneficial mutation frequency
Rare but important for evolution
Two mutation types
Two mutation types
Gene (point) and chromosomal mutations
What is artificial selection?
What is artificial selection?
Humans breed organisms with desirable traits
Artificial selection example
Artificial selection example
Cattle for milk/meat; dogs from wolves
What is natural selection?
What is natural selection?
Organisms with beneficial traits survive & reproduce more
Peppered moths: pre-pollution
Peppered moths: pre-pollution
Light moths better camouflaged on pale bark