DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations (LC 2027) (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards
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15 cards from this deck
Central dogma of molecular biology
Central dogma of molecular biology
DNA → RNA → Protein
Transcription
Transcription
DNA to mRNA conversion in nucleus
RNA polymerase role
RNA polymerase role
Enzyme that reads DNA & builds complementary mRNA
RNA base replacing thymine
RNA base replacing thymine
Uracil (U)
Translation
Translation
mRNA to protein conversion at ribosomes
Codon
Codon
Group of 3 bases on mRNA specifying amino acid
Start codon
Start codon
AUG
mRNA function
mRNA function
Carries genetic info from nucleus to ribosomes
tRNA function
tRNA function
Delivers amino acids using anticodon matching
rRNA function
rRNA function
Forms ribosome structure with proteins
Mutation
Mutation
Sudden change in amount or structure of DNA
Mutagens
Mutagens
External agents that increase mutation rate
Point mutation
Point mutation
Change in single gene affecting few DNA bases
Chromosomal mutation
Chromosomal mutation
Large-scale changes affecting entire chromosomes
Down syndrome chromosome number
Down syndrome chromosome number
47 (extra chromosome 21)