DNA, RNA, and the Genetic Code (LC 2027) (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards

What forms the molecular basis of all life?

DNA and RNA working together

Three main functions of DNA

1. Store genetic info 2. Replicate 3. Direct protein production

What genes provide instructions for

Making specific proteins

Purpose of DNA replication

Pass genetic info to next generation via exact copies

What is gene expression?

Process where a gene causes production of a specific protein

Central dogma sequence

DNA → RNA → protein

Primary function of RNA

Transport genetic info from nucleus to cytoplasm

Where are ribosomes located?

In the cytoplasm

What does the genetic code determine?

How base sequence controls amino acid sequence in proteins

What is a codon?

Group of three bases (triplet) that specifies an amino acid

How many possible codons are there?

64

Function of a start codon

Marks beginning of gene; signals where protein synthesis starts

Function of a stop codon

Marks end of gene; signals where protein synthesis stops

What is transcription?

DNA gene copied to make RNA molecule in nucleus

What is translation?

RNA read at ribosome to assemble amino acids into protein