Impact of MNCs on Global Trading Patterns (Leaving Cert Geography): Flashcards
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What are MNCs?
What are MNCs?
Large companies operating across multiple countries
MNCs' primary goal in international trade
MNCs' primary goal in international trade
Reaching vast numbers of consumers across multiple countries
MNC % of global trade (2022)
MNC % of global trade (2022)
80% of annual $32 trillion trade volume
Pfizer's distribution reach
Pfizer's distribution reach
Approximately 100 countries
Pfizer employment in Ireland
Pfizer employment in Ireland
Approximately 5,000 people
Pfizer investment in Ireland
Pfizer investment in Ireland
Over €8 billion
Raw materials for vaccine production (4 types)
Raw materials for vaccine production (4 types)
Lipids, salts, sugars, and proteins
Source region for most Pfizer raw materials
Source region for most Pfizer raw materials
MEDCs (equipped to manufacture specialised materials)
Technology transfer from MNCs benefit
Technology transfer from MNCs benefit
Knowledge sharing and expertise in R&D and production
Lipitor cost before patent expiry (pre-Nov 2011)
Lipitor cost before patent expiry (pre-Nov 2011)
$175 for one month's supply in US
Lipitor cost after patent expiry (by 2013)
Lipitor cost after patent expiry (by 2013)
$4 for one month's supply (generic)
COVID-19 vaccine coverage in many LEDCs
COVID-19 vaccine coverage in many LEDCs
Less than 10% population coverage
MNC key characteristic
MNC key characteristic
Coordinate complex operations across multiple countries