Collisions in Two Dimensions (Leaving Cert Physics): Flashcards

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Collisions in Two Dimensions
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Two-dimensional collisions

Collisions at angles, not head-on

Key principle in 2D collisions

Momentum is conserved

How momentum conservation applies in 2D

Applied separately to x and y directions

Formula for x-component of velocity

vx=vcos⁡θv_x = v \cos θ

Formula for y-component of velocity

vy=vsin⁡θv_y = v \sin θ

Formula for magnitude of resultant velocity

v=vx2+vy2v = \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2}

Formula for direction angle of velocity

tan⁡θ=vyvx\tan θ = \frac{v_y}{v_x}

How spacecraft change direction

Eject mass, gain momentum in opposite direction

Newton's 2nd Law for collisions

F=dpdtF = \frac{dp}{dt}

What's conserved in oblique elastic collisions

Both momentum and kinetic energy

What's conserved in inelastic collisions

Only momentum, not kinetic energy

Why direction matters in collisions

Momentum is a vector quantity

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