Aldehydes and Ketones (HSC SSCE Chemistry): Flashcards

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Aldehydes and Ketones
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Structure of the carbonyl group

C=O\text{C}=\text{O} (carbon-oxygen double bond)

Key difference between aldehydes and ketones

Position of the carbonyl group in the molecule

Location of carbonyl group in aldehydes

At the end of the carbon chain

Location of carbonyl group in ketones

On any carbon except those at the ends

General formula for aldehydes

RCHO\text{RCHO} or RCH=O\text{R}-\text{CH}=\text{O}

General formula for ketones

RCOR\text{RCOR}' or RC(=O)R\text{R}-\text{C}(=\text{O})-\text{R}'

Suffix used when naming aldehydes

'-al'

Suffix used when naming ketones

'-one'

Boiling point order: alcohols, aldehydes/ketones, hydrocarbons

Alcohols > Aldehydes/Ketones > Hydrocarbons

Water solubility order: alcohols, aldehydes/ketones, hydrocarbons

Alcohols > Aldehydes/Ketones > Hydrocarbons

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