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U=−GMmrU = -\frac{GMm}{r}U=−rGMm
PE less than zero reference point at infinite separation
At infinite separation (r=∞r = \inftyr=∞), U=0U = 0U=0
Energy needed to completely separate two masses
Etotal=−GMm2rE_{\text{total}} = -\frac{GMm}{2r}Etotal=−2rGMm
Etotal=U2=−KE_{\text{total}} = \frac{U}{2} = -KEtotal=2U=−K
PE decreases (more negative), KE increases
vesc=2GMrv_{\text{esc}} = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}}vesc=r2GM
Approximately 11.2 km/s
No, only on central body's mass and distance
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