Energy in Gravitational Fields (HSC SSCE Physics): Quizzes

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Energy in Gravitational Fields
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When is the formula U=mghU = mgh appropriate for calculating gravitational potential energy?

Close to Earth's surface only

Why is gravitational potential energy negative at finite separation?

Gravity is attractive; closer = less than 0

What is gravitational PE for masses MM and mm separated by distance rr?

U=−GMmrU = -\frac{GMm}{r}

What is binding energy in a gravitational system?

Energy needed to separate objects completely

In an isolated system, when objects move closer together, what happens to their energies?

PE decreases, KE increases

For an object in orbit, how does total energy relate to kinetic energy?

Etotal=−KE_{\text{total}} = -K

What is the total energy of an object in orbit at radius rr around mass MM?

Etotal=−GMm2rE_{\text{total}} = -\frac{GMm}{2r}

How does orbital speed change as orbital radius decreases?

Speed increases

What property does escape velocity NOT depend on?

Mass of the escaping object

What is the approximate escape velocity from Earth's surface?

11.2 km·s−1^{-1}

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