Centres of Mass and Stability (AQA A-Level Further Maths): Flashcards

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Equilibrium
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What is equilibrium?

No net motion; all forces and couples balanced

Definition of coplanar forces

All forces lie in the same plane

1st condition for equilibrium

Resultant of all forces = 0 (no linear movement)

2nd condition for equilibrium

Total moment = 0 (no rotational movement)

Smooth surface reactions

Perpendicular to surface only; no friction

Rough surface reactions

Both normal reaction and friction forces

Best choice of moment point

Where unknown forces act (eliminates them from equation)

Vector product formula a×b\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}

absinθn|\mathbf{a}||\mathbf{b}|\sin\theta \, \mathbf{n}

Moment about point using vectors

M=r×F\mathbf{M} = \mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{F}

Characteristics of a couple

Resultant force = 0, but total moment ≠ 0

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