Ligand Substitution and Precipitation (OCR A-Level Chemistry A): Flashcards

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Ligand substitution and precipitation
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Ligand substitution reaction

Replacement of ligands around a metal ion

Color of [Cu(H2O)6]2+\text{[Cu(H}_2\text{O)}_6]^{2+}

Pale blue

Color: Cu2+\text{Cu}^{2+} + excess NH3\text{NH}_3

Dark blue (or deep purple-blue)

Color: Cu2+\text{Cu}^{2+} + excess Cl\text{Cl}^-

Yellow

Geometry of [CuCl4]2\text{[CuCl}_4]^{2-}

Tetrahedral

Color of [Cr(H2O)6]3+\text{[Cr(H}_2\text{O)}_6]^{3+}

Pale purple (or violet)

CO vs O2\text{O}_2 binding to haemoglobin

CO binds much more strongly and irreversibly

Precipitate color: Cu2+\text{Cu}^{2+} + OH\text{OH}^-

Blue

Precipitate color: Fe3+\text{Fe}^{3+} + OH\text{OH}^-

Orange-brown

Metal hydroxides that dissolve in excess NH3\text{NH}_3

Cu(OH)2\text{Cu(OH)}_2 and Cr(OH)3\text{Cr(OH)}_3

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