Economic policy objectives (OCR A-Level Economics): Flashcards

📚Flashcards
Income distribution and welfare
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Income

Flow of money from employment, investments, or benefits over time

Wealth

Total value of assets owned minus liabilities

Absolute poverty

Lacking resources to meet basic needs; set income threshold

Relative poverty

Income significantly lower than society's average income

Gini coefficient range

0 to 1

Gini coefficient = 0 means

Perfect equality (everyone has same income/wealth)

Gini coefficient = 1 means

Perfect inequality (one person has all income/wealth)

Lorenz curve shows

Distribution of income or wealth within a society

Deciles

Divides population into ten equal parts

Quintiles

Divides population into five equal parts

Income redistribution policies

Progressive tax, welfare, min wage, education/training

Line of equality (Lorenz curve)

45° line showing perfect equality (e.g., 20% earn 20%)

Gini coefficient formula

AA+B\frac{A}{A + B}

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